Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting men in Singapore. With advances in medical care and early detection, many patients now have a wide range of treatment options available. Understanding the types of treatments, how they work, and what patients can expect is essential for families navigating this condition. This guide provides a detailed overview of Prostate Cancer treatment Singapore, including diagnosis, therapy choices, and supportive care.
Understanding Prostate Cancer in Singapore
What is prostate cancer
Prostate cancer begins in the prostate gland, a small organ located below the bladder in men. The disease occurs when abnormal cells in the prostate grow uncontrollably, sometimes spreading to other parts of the body.
How common is it in Singapore
According to national cancer statistics, prostate cancer is among the top cancers diagnosed in men. The risk increases with age, and most cases are found in men over 50. Lifestyle, family history, and genetic factors may also contribute to the likelihood of developing the condition.
Symptoms to watch for
In its early stages, prostate cancer may not cause noticeable symptoms. As it progresses, men may experience difficulty urinating, blood in the urine, pelvic discomfort, or frequent nighttime urination. Since these symptoms can overlap with non-cancerous conditions, early medical evaluation is important.
Diagnosis and Staging
Screening methods in Singapore
Doctors may recommend a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test, digital rectal examination (DRE), or imaging studies for suspected cases. These tests help detect abnormalities that may indicate cancer.
Confirming diagnosis
If initial tests suggest prostate cancer, a biopsy is often performed. Tissue samples are examined under a microscope to confirm the presence of cancer cells.
Staging and grading
Once diagnosed, staging helps determine how far the cancer has spread. Imaging scans such as MRI, CT, or bone scans may be used. Doctors also grade the cancer using the Gleason score, which reflects how aggressive the cancer cells appear under the microscope.
Treatment Options for Prostate Cancer in Singapore
Active surveillance
For men with early-stage prostate cancer that grows slowly, active surveillance may be recommended. This approach involves regular check-ups, PSA testing, and imaging to monitor the cancer without immediate treatment.
Surgery
Radical prostatectomy, a procedure to remove the prostate gland, may be performed in localized cases. Surgery can be done using open methods or minimally invasive techniques. Recovery time varies, and patients may experience side effects such as urinary incontinence or erectile dysfunction.
Radiation therapy
Radiation therapy uses targeted energy to destroy cancer cells. In Singapore, patients may undergo external beam radiation or brachytherapy, where radioactive seeds are placed inside the prostate. Both options aim to control or eliminate the tumor while minimizing damage to surrounding tissues.
Hormone therapy
Hormone therapy reduces the levels of male hormones that fuel prostate cancer growth. This may involve injections, medications, or in some cases, surgery to remove the testes. Hormone therapy is often used for advanced cases or combined with other treatments.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy drugs may be recommended when prostate cancer has spread beyond the prostate and does not respond well to hormone therapy. These medications work by targeting rapidly dividing cells throughout the body.
Immunotherapy and new approaches
In recent years, immunotherapy and targeted therapies have become available in Singapore. These treatments boost the body’s immune system to fight cancer or target specific genetic changes in tumor cells. Patients may be offered these options depending on eligibility and cancer progression.
Supportive and Palliative Care
Managing side effects
Many treatments can cause side effects, including fatigue, urinary changes, and sexual health issues. Doctors and support teams help patients manage these effects through medication, counseling, and lifestyle changes.
Rehabilitation and physiotherapy
After surgery or radiation, some men may benefit from rehabilitation services. Physiotherapy can help restore urinary control, while counseling may assist in adjusting to lifestyle changes.
Palliative care
For advanced cases, palliative care focuses on improving quality of life. This may include pain management, emotional support, and guidance for families. In Singapore, palliative care services are available in hospitals, clinics, and home-based settings.
Lifestyle and Prevention
Healthy living for prostate health
Maintaining a balanced diet rich in vegetables, fruits, and whole grains may support prostate health. Regular exercise, healthy body weight, and quitting smoking also reduce cancer risks.
Regular screening
Men over 50, or those with a family history of prostate cancer, are encouraged to discuss screening with their doctors. Early detection often leads to more effective treatment and better outcomes.
Mental and emotional wellbeing
A prostate cancer diagnosis can cause stress for patients and families. Support groups, counseling services, and open communication with healthcare providers are valuable in coping with the emotional challenges of cancer.
Conclusion
Prostate cancer treatment in Singapore offers many options, from active surveillance to advanced therapies. Early detection, proper diagnosis, and timely treatment are key to improving survival rates and quality of life. Families play a crucial role in providing support and encouragement throughout the journey. By understanding the treatment pathways and available care, patients can make informed decisions and face prostate cancer with confidence.