The Triple Marker Test is a prenatal screening test done during the second trimester of pregnancy, usually between the 15th and 20th weeks. It helps in checking the risk of certain genetic and chromosomal conditions in the unborn baby, such as Down syndrome (Trisomy 21), Trisomy 18, and neural tube defects like spina bifida.

It is called a “triple marker” test because it measures the levels of three substances in the mother’s blood.

What Does the Triple Marker Test Measure?

This test checks the levels of the following substances in a pregnant woman’s blood:

1. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP): A protein made by the developing baby. Abnormal levels can be linked to birth defects.
2. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG): A hormone produced by the placenta. High or low levels can suggest chromosomal problems.
3. Unconjugated Estriol (uE3): A hormone produced by both the placenta and the baby’s liver. Abnormal levels may be a sign of genetic disorders.

The combination of these three markers helps to assess the risk level of certain conditions in the baby.

Why is the Triple Marker Test Done?

The Triple Marker Test is not used to diagnose a condition. Instead, it helps doctors identify pregnancies that may need more detailed testing. The test is especially recommended for:

• Women over the age of 35
• Pregnancies with a family history of genetic disorders
• Cases where previous tests (like the Double Marker Test or ultrasound) have shown possible abnormalities
• Women who did not have early screening tests

How is the Test Done?

The Triple Marker Test is a simple blood test:

• A sample of blood is taken from the mother’s arm.
• No fasting or special preparation is needed.
• It is non-invasive and safe for both mother and baby.
• Results are generally available within a few days.

How to Understand the Results

The test results show whether the pregnancy is at low risk or high risk for certain conditions:

• Low-risk means there’s a low chance of genetic issues.
• High-risk means further testing may be needed, such as ultrasound, amniocentesis, or Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT).

It’s important to remember that a high-risk result does not confirm a problem—it only indicates the need for additional testing.

Conclusion

The Triple Marker Test is a valuable second-trimester screening tool that gives parents important information about their baby’s health. While it does not provide a final diagnosis, it helps in early detection of possible chromosomal or birth defects. If you’re pregnant and between 15–20 weeks, consult your doctor to know if the Triple Marker Test is right for you.