Understanding the line between a repair and a capital improvement is essential for both property owners and tenants in Oakland. The distinction affects how buildings are maintained, how costs are handled, and whether certain expenses can be passed through under the city’s Rent Adjustment Program. Repairs focus on restoring existing systems—like fixing leaks, replacing a broken window, or patching a roof—without extending a building’s lifespan or improving its value. Capital improvements, on the other hand, involve upgrades that enhance the property, modernize systems, or increase long term durability, such as full roof replacements, seismic retrofits, or updated electrical work. Because Oakland’s housing regulations differ from broader California standards, understanding these categories helps prevent disputes and supports clearer communication between tenants and owners. The article breaks down practical examples, the policy context, and how local officials evaluate each type of work within the framework of rent passthrough rules.